The NEPA process is structured but flexible, allowing it to be adapted to various types of projects. The process typically begins with the proposal of a project or action that involves a federal agency. The agency must then determine if the project is subject to NEPA. If it is, the agency conducts an EA to determine if the environmental impacts are significant.

For EDDs, the initial phase of project planning should include an assessment of whether NEPA applies and, if so, the level of environmental review required. Engaging with the relevant federal agency early in the process is crucial, as is developing a thorough understanding of the project’s potential environmental impacts. This can help in anticipating the type of NEPA documentation that will be required and the timeline for completion.

Once the EA is completed, one of three outcomes is possible:

1. Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI): If the EA concludes that the project will not have significant environmental impacts, a FONSI is issued, and the project can proceed without further environmental review.
2. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): If significant environmental impacts are identified, an EIS is required. This is a more comprehensive document that examines the potential impacts in detail and explores alternatives to the proposed action.
3. Mitigated FONSI: If the EA identifies potential impacts that can be mitigated to a level of insignificance, the agency may issue a FONSI with required mitigation measures.
   
   

For EDDs, the NEPA process is an opportunity to demonstrate the environmental responsibility of their projects. By proactively addressing environmental concerns and involving the public and other stakeholders, EDDs can reduce the risk of legal challenges and ensure that projects are sustainable and beneficial to the community.